<p>Second Presbyterian Church is a historic church at 700 Pine Street in Chattanooga, Tennessee, affiliated with Presbyterian Church USA.</p><br>
<p>The Gothic Revival building, designed by Reuben Harrison Hunt, was built in 1890. It is the oldest building designed by Hunt that is still extant in Chattanooga. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Since 1984, the undercroft of the churchs main building has been used for a homeless shelter, operated as a cooperative project of Second Presbyterian Church and St. Pauls Episcopal Church. St. Matthews Mens Night Shelter started as a winter-only emergency shelter for homeless men. It now operates year-round to provide overnight housing for men who are participating in a rehabilitative program, such as the program of the Chattanooga Community Kitchen.</p><br>
<p>Saints Peter and Paul Basilica is a historic Roman Catholic church at 214 E. 8th Street in Chattanooga, Tennessee. It is one of the oldest continuing parishes in the Diocese of Knoxville.</p><br>
<p>Saints Peter and Paul Parish in Chattanooga was founded in January 1852. The small but growing Catholic community in Chattanooga would conduct Mass in numerous buildings through the parish&#39;s early years. One former building included a nearly completed stone church demolished by the occupying Union Army during the Battle of Chickamauga in 1863. The Army of the Cumberland under the command of Major General William Rosecrans used the stone from the church to construct fortifications and culverts in support of the Union Army. Under the leadership of Father William Walsh, an Irish priest, ground was broken on the current site on February 1, 1888. The current building was dedicated June 29, 1890. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 as Saints Peter and Paul Catholic Church and Buildings.</p><br>
<p>Stained-glass windows in the basilica, designed by Louis Comfort Tiffany, depict significant events in the lives of the parishs patron saints. The life of Saint Peter is depicted in the east side windows and the life of Saint Paul in the west side. The basilicas walls are also adorned with 14 polychrome Stations of the Cross, whose scenes depict the suffering, death, and burial of Jesus Christ. The Kilgen organ in the church was built in 1936.</p><br>
<p>Saints Peter and Paul was raised to a minor basilica by Pope Benedict XVI and inaugurated by Bishop Richard Stika of the Diocese of Knoxville on October 22, 2011. Monsignor George E. Schmidt, Jr., who became the pastor in 1986, is among more than 30 sons of the parish that have gone onto the priesthood.</p><br>
<p>New Providence Presbyterian Church is a historic church in Surgoinsville, Tennessee, United States, affiliated with Presbyterian Church .</p><br>
<p>The New Providence congregation was formed in 1780 at the home of William Armstrong II in a settlement in Carters Valley whose residents had come from Virginia, where they had belonged to another congregation called New Providence. The first services were led by the Reverend Samuel Doak and the Reverend Charles Cummins. The first church buildings were log structures in Carters Valley. Until 1816, the church lacked its own minister, but was served by circuit-riding ministers who sometimes referred to New Providence as "Armstrong Settlement".</p><br>
<p>An early school was established at the church in 1816 and was associated with the church for many years. A separate building for the school was built in the early 1850s and was renamed "Maxwell Academy" (after early settler George Maxwell) in the 1870s. After this building burned, it was replaced by the current two-story brick building in 1901.</p><br>
<p>The present church building was completed in 1892-1893 and received an addition in the 1940s. The church building, its cemetery, and Maxwell Academy were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>St. Marks Presbyterian Church is a historic African-American church in Rogersville, Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>The congregation was established in about 1875. William H. Franklin was its first minister, serving until 1926. Franklin was also the president of Swift Memorial Junior College in Rogersville, with which the church was closely associated. Swift students and faculty were required to attend worship at St. Marks twice each week.</p><br>
<p>The church building is located at the junction of N. Hassen and W. Kyle Streets in Rogersville. The site was purchased some time after 1885 for the campus of Swift Memorial Junior College. The church was built in 1912. There are two front entrances to the building; the western door was originally for women and the eastern door was for men. Men and women formerly sat separately during services.</p><br>
<p>Swift Memorial College closed in 1955 due to financial problems. St. Marks Church and other properties associated with college were sold to Hawkins County the following year, but the St. Marks congregation was permitted to continue using the church building. A day care center operated in the church basement between 1973 and 1979.</p><br>
<p>With dwindling membership, the St. Marks congregation stopped holding regular worship services in 2000 and dissolved in 2002. Its building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006 for its importance to the local African-American community and as a "fine example of 20th-century Shingle Style architecture". The Rogersville Historic District, which the church property abuts, does not include any buildings in the Shingle Style; this architectural style is uncommon in East Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>Balcarres House is just north of the village of Colinsburgh, in the East Neuk of Fife, eastern Scotland. It is based on a mansion built in 1595 by John Lindsay , second son of David, 9th Earl of Crawford. The house became the family seat of the Earl of Crawford. The present house is the result of substantial extensions in the early nineteenth century, using part of a fortune made in India, but preserves much of the original mansion.</p><br>
<p>Balcarres House is protected as a category A listed building, and the grounds are included on the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland, the national listing of significant gardens.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The house is on the southern slope of Fife, about 3 mi from the coast. It commands a view of the Firth of Forth and Lothian on the opposite shore. On a clear day the towers of Edinburgh may be seen, 20 mi away.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The name Balcarres comes from the Gaelic baile carrach meaning rough or stony settlement. The land on which Balcarres House stands was acquired by John Lindsay (1552–1598), second son of the 9th Earl of Crawford, in 1587. He also acquired other lands in Fife, which were erected into a barony in 1592. He built the original mansion in 1595, three years before his death. This original building was plain in design. It comprised a Z-plan tower house, which itself incorporated an earlier turret. This earlier tower had been built by Sir John Stirling of Keir around 1511.</p><br>
<p>In 1633 King Charles I bestowed the title of "Lord Lindsay of Balcarres" on David Lindsay, second son of John Lindsay. David built a small Gothic chapel, and was buried there when he died in 1641. The chapel still stands near the road, but has lost its roof. David&#39;s son Alexander was created Earl of Balcarres in 1651. He and his wife, Anna supported the Royalists through the Civil War, dying in exile in Breda in 1659, while Balcarres was sequestered by the Parliamentarians. The Crawfords continued to back the Stuarts, and in 1689 Colin, 3rd Earl of Balcarres, was imprisoned and later exiled as a supporter of the deposed James VII. He was permitted to return to Scotland in 1700, but took part in the failed Jacobite Rising of 1715, and was subsequently placed under house-arrest at Balcarres. He later founded the estate village of Colinsburgh to the south of the house, before his death in 1722.</p><br>
<p>In 1789 the sixth Earl Alexander, sold Balcarres to his brother, Robert Lindsay, who had acquired a fortune in India. Roberts son Colonel James Lindsay inherited the house in 1836. He commissioned a substantial extension to Balcarres from the architect William Burn, preserving most of the old house within it. His son, Sir Coutts Lindsay, built another extension to the north east, and the terraced gardens, to designs by David Bryce in the 1860s. In April 1886 Sir Coutts sold the estate to his nephew, James Ludovic Lindsay, the ninth Earl of Balcarres and twenty-sixth Earl of Crawford. It remains in the Earls family.</p><br>
<h2>Estate</h2><br>
<p>To the east of the house there is a crag on which stands a folly. John Blackadder preached at a conventicle on this crag during the 17th-century persecution of the Covenanters. The folly was built around 1820, and comprises a Gothic tower surrounded by mock ruins.</p><br>
<p>The 17th-century chapel is protected as a category A listed building and as a scheduled monument. The 17th-century sundial, brought here from Leuchars Castle is also listed at category A. A late 17th or early 18th century dower house also stands in the grounds.</p><br>
<p>The estate is represented by, a joint venture of six local landed families who continue to live on and run their estates, some of which date back to the Medieval era and are still largely agricultural. The other estates are Balcaskie (Anstruther family), Elie House (Nairn baronets), Gilston Estate (Baxter family), Kilconquhar Estate (Lindesay-Bethune family) and Strathtyrum (Cheape family).</p><br>
<p>Republican Primitive Baptist Church is a historic African-American church of the Primitive Baptist tradition located in rural Haywood County, Tennessee, about 10 miles west of Brownsville.</p><br>
<p>The congregation was organized in the years after the Civil War. The name "Republican" refers to the Republican Party, reflecting the predominant political allegiance of African Americans in that era.</p><br>
<p>The congregation&#39;s original church building burned in 1924 and was replaced in the following year by the present building. The church building is a one-story rectangular frame structure of vernacular design, painted white, with plain glass windows and no steeple. Its north facade is dominated by two main entrance doors. The two doors were originally separate entrances for men and women, who sat separately during worship; this type of segregation by gender was typical for Primitive Baptist churches in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The building has electric service but lacks indoor plumbing.</p><br>
<p>The Republican Primitive Baptist Church served as a black school for the rural community of Shady Rest until a schoolhouse was completed in the late 1920s. In later years, the church continued to offer informal education at weekly meetings for local youth, teaching girls about nutrition, quilting, sewing, and other household skills, while boys received instruction in farming.</p><br>
<p>After its membership declined during the 1970s and 1980s, in 1989 the Republican congregation merged with a Primitive Baptist church in another community. The building is now used for annual homecomings.</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Zion Church in Brownsville, Tennessee, also known as Christ Episcopal Church, is a historic church at College and Washington Streets which was built during 1854 to c.1869. It was added to the National Register in 1978.</p><br>
<p>It is a brick Gothic Revival-style church designed by the Reverend James W. Rogers, who led a fund-raising drive that raised $3,200 for construction.</p><br>
<p>The Zion Church was organized in Brownsville in 1832 by Reverend John Chilton, who was the first Episcopal priest ordained in Tennessee, and by Reverend Thomas Wright. The congregation worshiped in the Haywood County Courthouse until construction of this church began in 1854. The church was largely completed in 1857 or 1858; its tower was built, and its altar and lectern were installed, in 1868 or 1869. The church was consecrated at Zion Church was consecrated on March 15, 1874. Its name was changed to Christ Church in 1898.</p><br>
<p>Mt. Zion Church and Cemetery  is a historic church building near Elkhorn, Henry County, Tennessee, United States. It was built sometime between 1872 and 1899, most likely in 1893, and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. It is the only surviving building in the "Old 23rd District" of Henry County, an extinct community since 1944.</p><br>
<p>This building might be confused with Mount Zion Church located approximately twenty miles south near Big Sandy, Benton County, Tennessee, which was destroyed by fire in the 1990s, possibly 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The building is on a small, remote peninsula colloquially referred to as the "Old 23rd District." Today, this land is part of the Big Sandy Unit of the Tennessee National Wildlife Refuge. Between about 1821 and 1944, a small community of families lived and farmed there. Besides farming, the community produced timber and lumber, railroad cross ties and cleaned mussel shells for the button-making industry. The remote location also made moonshining quite lucrative. In the community, there were two churches, two or three stores, a sawmill and a post office at various times.</p><br>
<p>In 1938, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) began construction of Kentucky Dam on the Tennessee River. Impounding the river meant that flood waters would consume a large part of the community, so in 1940, TVA began buying out property and moving all families out of the area. Buildings below the flood level were given to their prior owners and buildings above the flood level were auctioned off. All buildings had to be moved out by a certain date after which TVA burned what remained. Timber below the flood level was cut and burned on a tight schedule, preventing much of its use to sawmillers. Cemeteries that would be flooded or whose access would be flooded were surveyed, next of kin contacted, and decisions made on removal and relocation or remaining in place.</p><br>
<p>The Mt. Zion Church building and cemetery exist well above the flood level therefore they enjoyed some special treatment. When TVA purchased the site, an agreement was made with the church trustees to leave the building standing and allow the congregation to meet there annually for a homecoming.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mt. Zion Church may have first met in 1829. It petitioned to and was accepted by the Western District Baptist Association in 1853.</p><br>
<p>The first church building was a log structure built on land donated by James Monroe Gray. It stood across the road from the current building and was also used as a school. It was torn down sometime between 1890 and 1900.</p><br>
<p>Land for the current building was donated by Rhoda Gray McDaniel, daughter of James Monroe Gray. In the Pictorial History of the Old 23rd District, Larry T. Perry states that the current church was built in 1897, however the National Register of Historical Places has listed 1893. Entries in the Western District Association minutes list also 1872, 1896 and 1899 as dates of construction for the current building.</p><br>
<p>Pastors included pillars of the local community such as James Monroe Gray, Buck Williams and Frank Robbins but also W. W. Dickerson, who lived about 50 mi away in Murray, Kentucky. Dickerson served Mt. Zion for 18 years and never lived within the church community. Every Saturday, he would come to Paris where he was met by a member of the congregation and taken back to the community. He would spend the night with a church family, preach on Sunday morning and then leave on Sunday afternoon with some farm produce given by church members.</p><br>
<p>In 1896 and 1938, the Western District Association held their annual conferences at the Mt. Zion church.</p><br>
<p>By 1943, the church was without a pastor and in the process of disbanding. TVA purchased the church building and the 2.7 acre on which it stood for $1006. They agreed with the church trustees, Isham Robbins, T. J. Fielder and W. C. Flowers, to leave the building standing and to allow the congregation to meet there annually for a homecoming. The last report was sent to the Association in 1944.</p><br>
<p>Mt. Zion Church had an irregular representation and report in the Association minutes. However spotty these reports may be, they are the most tangible way to understand the size and impact the church had upon its community. The following aggregate data is taken from Perry&#39;s book.</p><br>
<h2>Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>The Mt. Zion cemetery is located just behind, to the west of the church building. It is surrounded by a chain link fence and is regularly cared for. As of April 2007, there were 222 graves known. Burials still occur there.</p><br>
<p>Christ Temple AME Zion Church, also known as Belmont Annex Fellowship Hall, is a historic African-American church at 235 E. Meeting Street in Dandridge, Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>The church&#39;s building was originally located in southwestern Dandridge, immediately behind the Bethel Presbyterian Church. It was built circa 1888. In 1912 the congregation was rededicated as Christ Temple AME Zion, and the name and date were recorded on a rectangular marble stone installed in the foundation.</p><br>
<p>In 1935 the church was relocated when its site was acquired by the Jefferson County Board of Education to make room for construction of a new white-only segregated school that was to be built through a New Deal program. The school board bought the site at East Meeting Street and Lake Drive from an African-American Missionary Baptist congregation, and traded that property to the Christ Temple AME Zion congregation in exchange for the AME Zion churchs site, so the new school could be built on the former AME Zion church property. The churchs building was moved to the new site and rebuilt; the rebuilt building included parts of the 1888 building, but likely contained some new materials and elements. It is a single-story gable-front church building on a brick foundation, with weatherboard siding and a metal-covered roof. It has an arched recessed entranced with two-pane square windows on either side. There is a wood ventilation grille above the entrance at the gable point of the facade.</p><br>
<p>The church ended regular operations in 2002, when only five active members remained in the congregation. Its building became an annex of Belmont AME Zion Church, which is located on Swannsylvania Road in Jefferson County.</p><br>
<p>The church building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. At the time of the listing, there were plans to remove carpet, fake pine paneling, and a dropped ceiling that had been installed in the church interior around 1970.</p><br>
<p>Asbury United Methodist Church, formerly known as Asbury Methodist Episcopal Church, South, is a historic church in Knoxville, Tennessee.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The church is named for English Methodist evangelist Francis Asbury, who is credited with disseminating Methodism in the United States in late 18th and early 19th centuries, and who in 1800 led the first Methodist worship service in East Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>The church sits on land that was donated in 1855. The church building underwent a major renovation in 1898. Its Gothic revival architecture has been largely unaltered since that time. Subsequent additions include a backlighted painting of Jesus; an organ, piano, and chimes; a parsonage and Sunday school built in 1938; and a fellowship hall built in 1949.</p><br>
<p>The Methodist Church in America divided over the issue of slavery in 1845. For many years before the 1939 merger that formed the United Methodist Church, two separate Methodist groups held services in the Asbury church, with the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, meeting for worship in the morning on Sunday and the Methodist Episcopal Church meeting in the afternoon.</p><br>
<h2>National Register listing</h2><br>
<p>The church building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. The National Register nomination referred to the "inspirational feeling" imparted by the Gothic revival architecture, the "sense of power" imparted by the church&#39;s steep gabled roof and pronounced arches, and the "sense of strength and stability" conveyed by the square bell tower, which has a bellcast roof.</p><br>
<p>Sacred Heart of Jesus Church is a historic Roman Catholic church on Church Street in Loretto, Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>The congregation was formed in 1871 by Catholics of German ancestry who had come from the Cincinnati area to settle in Lawrence County, Tennessee. The first priest was J. H. Hueser, who had been sent to Tennessee from Indiana in 1869 to become the first priest in Lawrence County. After working in Lawrenceburg, in 1871 he moved 14 mi south to help establish a new settlement called Glynnrock (later named Loretto). The parish residence that he built in 1871 was used for Mass from October 1871 to February 1872, while a new frame building was being built to serve as a combined church and school. The church&#39;s current brick building replaced that first church. It was started in 1910 and dedicated in May 1912. In 1984 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>St. Joseph Church is a historic Roman Catholic church on Spring Street in St. Joseph, Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>The Roman Catholic church in St. Joseph was established in 1872. Its first church building was a small</p><br>
<p>frame structure located near the current church. It housed a parochial school for many years and was being used for storage as of 1984.</p><br>
<p>The current church building is a large structure built in 1885 by the church&#39;s parishioners from ashlar cut stone that they had quarried at a nearby site. It has a stucco exterior and a square bell tower with a short octagonal steeple that is roofed with tin shingles. It has an unusually elaborate interior that is largely the work of John Sliemers, who served as the local parish priest from 1901 to 1903 and from 1914 to 1934. Both the main altar and side altars have elaborate carvings, while lathe-turned balusters support the chancel rail and the rear gallery. Religious scenes are depicted in stained-glass windows and in paintings on the interior walls.</p><br>
<p>The 1885 church building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>St. Paul African Methodist Episcopal Church is a historic African Methodist Episcopal church in Fayetteville, Tennessee, United States, located at 521 W. College Street.</p><br>
<p>The congregation was established as the "African Church" in 1824, The original church location was on Rock and Stigall Hill (now Reservoir Hill), about 0.75 mi northeast of the current church building.</p><br>
<p>The church moved to its present location on West College Street in 1867. The church&#39;s current brick building was completed in 1913. Oral histories indicate that the women of the church delivered brick to the site by carrying bricks in their aprons. When built, the church facade featured three large circular windows; after a fire damaged the building, the circular windows were replaced by rectangular double-hung windows.</p><br>
<p>The church building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003 following research by Middle Tennessee State University.</p><br>
<p>St. Luke&#39;s Episcopal Church is a historic church at 309 E. Baltimore Street in Jackson, Tennessee, United States. The congregation was formed in 1832, the first of five new Episcopal congregations planted in West Tennessee that year after Mrs. Mary Hayes Willis Gloster of La Grange had traveled to Nashville to ask Bishop James H. Otey to bring the Episcopal Church to West Tennessee. The church building dates to 1845, although it was only partially completed that year. It was consecrated by Bishop Otey on May 14, 1853.</p><br>
<p>The churchs bell and its hand-pumped organ were installed in 1852. The church has a brass altar cross that is a copy of a cross in a Westminster Abbey chapel. The cross and a brass alms basin were presented to St. Lukes in 1867 by Bishop Charles Quintard, who had received them as gifts from a duchess he met in England.</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Primitive Baptist Church of Sweetens Cove is a historic Primitive Baptist church in Marion County, Tennessee, located in the Sweetens Cove area in the Sequatchie Valley, about 7 mi north of South Pittsburg.</p><br>
<p>Sweeten’s Cove, which is identified as Sweeden’s Cove in some old maps and documents, was an area of early settlement, primarily by members of the Beene (Bean) and Raulston (Roulston) families. The church was established around 1821 as Union Primitive Baptist Church. It adopted its current name in 1834. The church building was completed in 1853.</p><br>
<p>On June 4, 1862, Sweeten&#39;s Cove was the site of a minor battle between Union Army forces under General James Negley and a Confederate cavalry unit led by Colonel John Adams. Twenty unidentified Confederate soldiers who died in the battle are buried in the Bean-Roulston Cemetery, which is about 0.7 mi north of the church.</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Verona United Methodist Church, originally Verona Methodist Episcopal Church, South, is a historic church on Verona-Berlin Road in the Verona community of Marshall County, Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>The church was founded and built in about 1880 as one of two successors to the former Cave Spring Methodist Church, which had been built in the 1840s or 1850s. The Cave Spring church closed and its congregation was divided to form new churches in Farmington and Verona. After the Cave Spring Church was torn down, some of its materials were recovered for use in the new Verona church. The pews and bell from the Cave Spring church were installed in the Verona church. A wooden cross that hangs in the Verona church was made from the cedar door-steps of the Cave Spring church.</p><br>
<p>The church building was expanded in the 1930s and the 1950s, when Sunday School rooms were added. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>For many years, the church shared a pastor with the Berlin, Caney Spring, and Farmington United Methodist churches. The Farmington church was administratively separated from the others in 2003. The Verona United Methodist church closed in 2011.</p><br>
<p>First United Methodist Church of Columbia, also called Columbia First United Methodist Church, is a historic church at 222 W. 7th Street in Columbia, Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>The congregation was officially formed in 1820 as the First Methodist Society, with 7 congregants. Its first church building was a frame church on South Main Street, completed in the fall of 1821 under the supervision of church member Nathan Vaught, who was a master builder. Vaught also supervised the construction of the congregation&#39;s next building, built in 1836 at the site of the present church. That church building burned in 1874 and was replaced by the present building, which was started in 1875 and completed in 1876.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, and is also within the Columbia Commercial Historic District which was created the same year.</p><br>
<p>St. Peter&#39;s Episcopal Church is a historic church at 311 W. 7th Street in Columbia, Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1860 and added to the National Register in 1979.</p><br>
<p>St. Peter&#39;s is a parish of the Episcopal Diocese of Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>St. Peter&#39;s was the second Episcopal Church established in Tennessee, being formally organized on June 16, 1828, one year before the Diocese itself was formed. The first church building was located on Garden Street.</p><br>
<p>The present ediface, begun in 1860 was not completed until 1871, after the Civil War. In 1926 the church interior was renovated to appear as it does today, with the enlarged split chancel, rood beam, and the carved lectern and pulpit. The parish house was erected in 1924. Additional classrooms and offices were added in 1964. St. Peter&#39;s was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Six former rectors have served the Church as bishops: James Hervey Otey, Bishop of Tennessee; Leonidas Polk, Bishop of Louisiana; Thomas Carruthers, Bishop of South Carolina; Fred Gates, Suffragan Bishop of West Tennessee; Frank Allan, Bishop of Atlanta; and Robert Tharp, Bishop of East Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>St. Peters cares for, and uses, St. Johns, Ashwood for its annual Whitsunday service as well as various other occasions.</p><br>
<p>Beth Salem Presbyterian Church is a historic African-American church in Athens, Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>The congregation was organized in 1866 with support from white missionaries, making Beth Salem the first African American church in the three-county farming region of McMinn, Meigs, and Polk counties.</p><br>
<p>At first, the congregation held its services under a brush arbor. After a local white woman donated land for a building, a log church was built. It also housed a public school. After the log building was destroyed by fire around 1920, the current building was built using donated lumber and the volunteer labor of both black church members and their white neighbors.</p><br>
<p>The 1920 church building is a one-story, one-room, rectangular frame structure with a gable front entrance, weatherboard siding, and a metal roof. It typifies a vernacular architectural tradition common in rural African-American churches during the Jim Crow era. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Clear Springs Cumberland Presbyterian Church is a historic church of the Cumberland Presbyterian denomination in McMinn County, Tennessee, about 6 mile southeast of Calhoun. The church building, which is no longer in use, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Clear Springs congregation formed in the late 1830s or early 1840s, originally calling itself Pleasant Hill Church. The "Clear Springs" name was adopted in the 1850s. Before completing its church building in 1860, the congregation conducted services in a large camp meeting shelter. When the church was in active use, it was heated by a pot-bellied stove that sat in the center of the sanctuary.</p><br>
<p>The congregation became inactive in the decades before and after World War II, although its building continued to be maintained and saw periodic use for weddings, homecomings, and other special occasions. In 1976, the building was taken over by the denomination&#39;s presbytery. It continues to be used occasionally for funerals and other events. The church, its cemetery, and a baptismal pool located at a spring on the church grounds were added to the National Register in 2007. Its listing recognized it as "a rare unaltered example of a modest rural church building" that typifies the characteristic "functional and unadorned style" of churches in the area.</p><br>
<p>Bethlehem Methodist Church  is a historic church located on Gholston Road southeast of Clarksville, Tennessee. Construction on the church began in 1899, and it was dedicated in 1900. The church was the second building used by its congregation, which originally met in a log church that also served as a school. The congregation had met since at least 1836, the year of its first records; however, the oldest graves in the church cemetery date back to 1821.</p><br>
<p>Carpenter Alex F. Simpson planned the Gothic Revival church. The one-story frame church features a square tower at both of the front corners. Each tower has a louvered lancet arch window above the first story, which is demarcated by a belt course; the towers are both topped by pyramidal spires with finials. A bargeboard with decorative moldings covers the gable between the two towers; the front entrance, added below the gable in 1958, features a matching bargeboard. The sides of the church each feature three lancet arch windows; while the windows originally had plain glass, stained glass was installed in 1981.</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 10, 1994. The church&#39;s adjacent cemetery is a contributing property to its listing; in addition to its historical association with the church, it contains historically significant boxed grave markers.</p><br>
<p>Clarksville Methodist Church is a historic church building at 334 Main Street in Clarksville, Tennessee. Currently, the building isn&#39;t used as a church.</p><br>
<p>The church was built in 1831, the first permanent church building in Clarksville and one of the city&#39;s first brick buildings. In the 1880s, it ceased being used as a church and was converted into residential apartments. It is the only church building in Clarksville that was built before 1850 and is still standing.</p><br>
<p>The former church building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. At that time, it still housed residential apartments. A National Register nomination document stated that the building retained "much of its original architectural character" in spite of renovations.</p><br>
<p>First Presbyterian Church is a historic church at 213 Main Street in Clarksville, Tennessee. The congregation is currently affiliated with the Presbyterian Church .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Clarksville was incorporated in 1784 and by the early eighteenth century was a village of forty families. Dr. Gideon Blackburn, an itinerant Presbyterian minister, preached outdoors in a place south of Clarksville called Tompkins Grove. He organized First Presbyterian Church on May 25, 1822. The first congregation of fourteen initially worshipped in private homes and later in the new brick Court House on the downtown square. The Court House served as the meeting place for the church for almost 20 years. By 1835 the congregation had outgrown that venue, and worshippers wanted their own church building. They raised $2,300, and Lucinda Elder donated land at the present site of Third and Main Streets. In 1840 the first church building opened and, by 1844, the membership had reached 120.</p><br>
<p>As the congregation continued to grow it became obvious a new larger structure was needed. Under the direction of Dr. J.B. Luton, minister from 1872-1897, the old walls were removed to make way for a neo-gothic building of pressed brick and stone. The new church housed a sanctuary with stained glass windows which included a beautiful rose window, the pews, pulpit, communion table and chandeliers, all featuring Christian symbols. Below the sanctuary was a lecture hall. In 1876 the cornerstone was laid, and two years later the building was completed for $43,285.15.</p><br>
<p>First Presbyterian was part of the Southwestern Presbyterian University until that school moved to Memphis in 1925. The University provided ministers when the regular pastors were absent. Ministerial students from the University often taught Sunday school. The church benefited from this rich intellectual connection.</p><br>
<p>By 1950 once again First Presbyterian needed to expand and included construction of the Education Building and the Chapel on the west side of the 1878 sanctuary. During the 1960s, rooms were added to the north end of the education building, and the sanctuary underwent a significant renovation including air conditioning. Additionally, the kitchen was remodeled and the Memorial Garden created.</p><br>
<p>Reverend George Gracey became the pastor in 1974 and served First Presbyterian for over 30 years. With much admiration and respect, the congregation bestowed the honor of Pastor Emeritus on Reverend Gracey in 2009, the only time in its history. Beginning in 1990, the congregation began a capital campaign to address not only church needs but important community needs as well. While the extensive renovations to the church were being completed the church met at the American Legion Building. By June 1992 the congregation returned to the beautiful sanctuary. In 1993 the congregation voted to purchase the old Clarksville City Street Department at 215 Foster Street, near the church. In 1996 the church voted to use this location to build the Activities and Outreach Center. The AOC has a basketball court, Sunday school rooms, a Boy Scout meeting room, and a kitchen and dining area. It houses Loaves and Fishes, which today serves over 50,000 meals annually.</p><br>
<p>Guildfield Missionary Baptist Church is a historic African-American church on Guildfield Church Road in South Guthrie, Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>The congregation was started in 1868 with meetings at a home in South Guthrie. It was formally organized in 1869 and affiliated with the Consolidated American Missionary Baptist Convention, a forerunner to the National Baptist Convention. Land for a church was acquired in 1871. The congregation completed a new frame church building before 1882. It was replaced at the same location by a second frame building in the 1880s and a third frame church in the 1890s.</p><br>
<p>The church building was completed in 1922, replacing the building at the same location that had been built in the 1890s. Church deacon Edward Warfield raised much of the money for construction of the new church. In the same year, Warfield also led a successful community fund-raising effort for building of a new Rosenwald school to replace a black school in South Guthrie that was destroyed by a tornado. The $500 raised in the local African American community was combined with $300 from the Rosenwald Fund and $700 from government sources to pay for construction of a two-teacher Rosenwald school, also completed in 1922. The school, which came to be known as the Warfield School, currently houses a community center.</p><br>
<p>The church is a two-story brick building on a concrete foundation with a gable-front entrance. Romanesque Revival elements are prominent in its design. There are two large Romanesque arched colored glass windows in the center of its eastern facade, flanked on either side by brick towers with double doorways in the shape of Romanesque arches. Brick buttresses with triangular white capstones are on the north and south corners of the towers and on the buildings long north and side walls. The churchs red brick walls have been painted red since 1980.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. Its size and architecture are unusual for an African-American church of its era. In the National Register nomination, historian Carroll Van West wrote that no other extant rural African-American church in Middle Tennessee "match the size, the brick</p><br>
<p>masonry, and architectural distinctiveness of this building."</p><br>
<p>Trinity Episcopal Church is a historic church at 317 Franklin Street in Clarksville, Tennessee. The church and its rectory are listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Trinity Church and Rectory.</p><br>
<p>The Trinity Episcopal parish is one of the five oldest Episcopal parishes in Tennessee, established in 1832. Its first church building was completed in 1838. It was the second permanent church building in Clarksville, preceded only by a Methodist church built a few years earlier.</p><br>
<p>The church remained open through the Civil War, including the Union Army occupation of Clarksville. Its rector convinced Union leaders to allow it to remain open, telling them that the value of "decent and orderly" worship should transcend both politics and war.</p><br>
<p>The original building was demolished in 1873 and replaced by the current Romanesque-style building, which was completed in 1877 and is faced with rough-cut gray stone. The rectory was built in 1883 and a parish house was added in 1916. Renovations in the 1920s and 1980s maintained the historic integrity of the original design.</p><br>
<p>Trinity Church and Rectory were added to the National Register in 1982. A tornado on January 22, 1999, destroyed the parish house, knocked over part of the steeple and severely damaged the church roof. Subsequently, the church building was restored and a new parish house was built.</p><br>
<p>Mt. Zion Christian Methodist Episcopal Church, formerly Mt. Zion Colored Methodist Episcopal Church, is a historic African-American church in Union City, Tennessee, at the corner of North Greenwood and East College Streets.</p><br>
<p>The Mt. Zion congregation was organized in 1870, the same year that the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church was formed as a new denomination by African Americans who had been members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. In its early years, the congregation worshiped in a frame church in Union City&#39;s African-American neighborhood. By the 1890s, the growth of the congregation and the increasing prosperity of its members led it to start a larger brick church building. The new church was constructed by church members and dedicated in 1896. Its architecture is a vernacular interpretation of the Gothic Revival style popular in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The original 1896 brick building houses the church sanctuary. It is a symmetrical basilica design with gable ends and a bell tower. A notable feature of the interior is its unusual hipped ceiling. The ceiling, which is elevated about 30 ft above the floor, has three sections formed of narrow wooden planks suspended from the rafters. The center section of planks is parallel to the floor. The side sections angle down to the brick walls. Overhead lighting in the sanctuary comes from four Victorian-era branched metal fixtures, originally made for gas lighting and converted to electricity around 1920, that hang from the hipped ceiling. Each fixture has sixteen bulbs; their light is directed by a large open circular shade mounted above the bulbs. As of 1996, the church still had its original pews. Panels on the ends of the pews are embellished with Gothic arches, echoing the shape of the windows.</p><br>
<p>In 1917, the Mt. Zion church sponsored the building of a new schoolhouse for African-American children. The new brick schoolhouse, named Miles School, was built on North Greenwood Street directly across from the church. Together, the church and the school functioned as important centers for the local African-American community. The original Miles School building was replaced by a newer building in the 1950s or 1960s, but the location continued to be the site of Union City&#39;s segregated black school. The location continues to be used for education; as of 2014 it is the site of the Miles Early Head Start center.</p><br>
<p>A community and classroom building was added onto the rear of the church building around 1940. In 1956, when its denomination changed its name from "Colored Methodist Episcopal" to "Christian Methodist Episcopal", the Mt. Zion church adopted its current name. The congregation disorganized in 2005, but it was restarted in 2007 under the pastoral leadership of Darrell Turner, who had grown up in the church.</p><br>
<p>When the church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001, it was described as Union City&#39;s "oldest remaining architectural artifact of African-American craftsmanship of the late Victorian era."</p><br>
<p>Algood United Methodist Church is a historic United Methodist church at 135 West Main Street in Algood, Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>The church was built in 1899 as a Methodist Episcopal Church, South. Land for the church was donated by brothers Alfred and Henry Algood, whose father was a circuit-riding Methodist minister. It is an example of the Carpenter Gothic architectural style. In 1909, a tornado caused extensive damage to the building. Restoration after the tornado included relocating the bell tower to the right-hand side of the building and installing the bell that still hangs there.</p><br>
<p>In its early years, the church building served as an unofficial community center for Algood and was sometimes used for worship services of other denominations.</p><br>
<p>The Algood Methodist Church building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Highland Chapel Union Church is a historic nondenominational Protestant church on Highland Avenue in Ridgetop, Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>In the 19th century, before the church was established, children in the community attended Sunday school in their school building. Preachers of various different denominations conducted worship services from time to time, establishing a local pattern wherein congregants were unconcerned with denominational identity.</p><br>
<p>In 1890 this led to construction of the community&#39;s first church building, called Oak Dell Church. That church was destroyed by a fire in 1904 and replaced by the current church, which was built in 1906. In 1920 its name was changed from Oak Dell to Highland Chapel Union Church.</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Barton Chapel Congregational Church is a historic church in Robbins, Tennessee. The church building on USA Highway 27, built in 1926, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Congregational church in Robbins was established in 1885 as the Pilgrim Church. It was renamed Barton Chapel in honor of its first minister, William E. Barton. After attending Berea College, he spent two years as a circuit-riding preacher serving the church in Robbins as well as churches in Glenmary, Deer Lodge and Lancing. He left Robbins to continue his education at a seminary in Ohio. When the Congregational church in Robbins built a new building in 1926, the building was dedicated to Barton, who attended the cornerstone-laying ceremony.</p><br>
<p>The church is built from brick produced in Robbins, which was a center for brickmaking. The brick for the church was donated by the Southern Clay Manufacturing Company; the church walls were laid three bricks thick. Interior furnishings in the church include a podium and two altar chairs from Barton&#39;s church in Oak Park, pews donated by the women of the Oak Park church, and light fixtures donated by a friend of the Barton family.</p><br>
<p>Cracker Lake is a very small manmade lake inside Zolfo Springs, Florida. This lake is square and has a surface area of 1.5 acre. It is contained within Cracker Lake RV Resort, which owns it. The resort was established in 1988 and the lake was dug at this time. It is surrounded on all but the west side by streets within the resort. Mobile homes and RVs line the streets on the lake&#39;s east and south sides. Two administrative buildings are on the north shore. On the west side are four shuffleboard courts, also part of Cracker Lake RV Resort. Cracker Trail runs along the east shore of the lake.</p><br>
<p>There is no public access to Cracker Lake and no boating or swimming are allowed. However, this lake can be fished, although it is very small. Hardee County has very few lakes and they are all small, some as tiny as this one. Therefore, any lake in this county has some notability in the area. This lake is not to be confused with another Cracker Lake, which is basically a bog used for mud sporting just off Highway 64 on the west side of Hardee county.</p><br>
<p>Big Bay, also known as Awarua Bay, is a deep indentation in the southwestern coast of New Zealand&#39;s South Island, 40 kilometres north of Milford Sound. The bay is eight kilometres in width, and extends eight kilometres into the South Island, making an almost square indentation in the island&#39;s coastline. Its northern end is Awarua Point. Immediately beyond Long Reef, the rocky point at the southern end, is the mouth of the Hollyford River and Martins Bay. Big Bay has a sandy beach named Three Mile Beach. The Awarua River enters the bay at the northern end of the beach.</p><br>
<p>The mouth of the Awarua River is the western end of the boundary between the West Coast Regional Council area and the Southland Regional Council area. It was formerly the boundary between Canterbury Province and Otago Province from when they were created in 1853. Three Mile Beach, the Awarua River and Waiuna Lagoon are within the boundary of Southland region. Awarua Point is within the boundary of the West Coast region. The Dry Awarua River runs from the West Coast region into Waiuna Lagoon in the Southland region.</p><br>
<p>The Háj u Aše  is the highest elevation in the Bohemian part of the Fichtelgebirge mountains . It is the local mountain of the town of Aš  in the Czech Republic.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Háj rises immediately northeast of the town of Aš in the Bohemian Vogtland. Other settlements in the area Dolní Paseky (Niederreuth) and Podhradí (Neuberg) which belong to the borough of Aš. On the summit is a mountain inn with an observation tower.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>On 19 June 1904 the 34 metre high stone observation tower on the summit was opened. It was designed by the Dresden architect, Wilhelm Kreis. The tower still stands and is one of the three Bismarck towers on the territory of the Czech Republic.</p><br>
<h2>Views</h2><br>
<p>From the tower there are good views over the Fichtelgebirge, Elstergebirge and Ore Mountains.</p><br>
<h2>Paths to the summit</h2><br>
<p>Departure points for a visit of the mountain are the town of Aš and the village of Podhradí. A blue signed walking trail joins both locations, running over the summit of the mountain.</p><br>
<p>The Causeway, also known as the Tregaron, is a country house estate located in the Cleveland Park neighborhood of Northwest, Washington, D.C. The estate was designed by Charles A. Platt and constructed in 1912. The original occupants, the Parmelees, lived at the estate from its construction until 1940. From 1940 to 1958 it was occupied by Joseph E. Davies, who had served as the ambassador for the United States to Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Soviet Union and his second wife Post Cereal Company heiress Marjorie Merriweather Post. Today the estate is occupied by a campus for the Washington International School and the Tregaron Conservancy.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The entire estate totals 20.5 acre. In addition to the mansion the estate includes a carriage house, greenhouse, gardeners residence, and a Russian-style dacha, added during Ambassador and Mrs. Davies years at the estate. In addition to the different architectural styles present in the estate, it is also notable for its landscape architecture. Architect Charles A. Platt utilized the natural characteristics in designing the estate; the mansion sits at the highest point and provides views of the city to the south, and the affluent Cleveland Park suburb to the north. The landscape features include bridges and retaining walls constructed of stone. Mostly notably, stone retaining walls line either side of the drive way as it enters the estate, and a large stone bridge which carries the driveway over a small stream, "The Causeway", from which the property derives its name.</p><br>
<h2>Tregaron</h2><br>
<p>Tregaron is a 20 acre estate in Washington, D. C. on the grounds of The Causeway.</p><br>
<p>The property, originally part of a larger estate, "Twin Oaks", was bought by Gardiner Greene Hubbard, founder of the National Geographic Society, in the 1880s, and named "The Causeway". His daughter Mabel married Alexander Graham Bell, and inherited the property, which she sold to James Parmelee, a Cleveland financier. He hired Charles Adams Platt to design a country house for the property. Platt employed Ellen Biddle Shipman as landscape architect for the project.</p><br>
<p>After Parmelee&#39;s death, the estate was purchased in 1940 by Joseph E. Davies and his wife, Marjorie Merriweather Post. Davies was First Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission; American Ambassador to the Soviet Union (1936-1938); Ambassador to Belgium and Luxembourg (1938-1939); a lawyer (1937 Law Firm: Davies, Richberg. Beebe, Busick and Richardson); and Special Advisor to President Harry Truman and Secretary of State James Byrnes, with Rank of Ambassador at the Potsdam Conference. Davies named the place "Tregaron" (the town of Saint Caron) after the town where his father, Edward Davies, was born in Ceredigion, Wales.</p><br>
<p>After Davies&#39;s death in 1958, the Washington International School purchased 6 acre of the 20 acre, and the Tregaron Limited Partnership, an Israeli corporation, purchased the remaining 14 acre. Attempts to develop the space were opposed by the "Friends of Tregaron", a community group. Eventually, in 2006, an agreement was reached by which 13 acre of the estate have been conserved as open green space and are managed by Tregaron Conservatory.</p><br>
<h3>Architecture</h3><br>
<p>The mansion is a two-story brick building in the Georgian style. In addition to the primary, central block of approximately 30 ft by 170 ft, to the east is a one-story octagonal conservatory, and to the west is a two-story service wing, though not as tall as the central block. A farmhouse dating to 1890 sits at the edge of the estate and was converted to office space for the International School. A schoolhouse building was constructed in 1988 and designed to complement the existing buildings.</p><br>
<h3>Filming location</h3><br>
<p>The Tregaron estate mansion was extensively used for both interiors and exteriors in the 1962 film Advise and Consent. Interiors and exteriors were also used in the 1993 film The Pelican Brief.</p><br>
<p>The Witteberg or Witteberge is a South African mountain range just off the south-west corner of Lesotho. The range, which rises to 2408 metres, stretches for about 60 km from Lundin&#39;s Neck in the east to Lady Grey in the west. The range lends its name to the Witteberg Series, the uppermost fossiliferous sequence of the Cape System of sedimentary rocks in South Africa.</p><br>
<p>The Witteberg Series (340-375 Ma) consists of clastic, shoreline deposits of shales, sandstones, and quartzites, and lies below the plant-bearing and glacial beds of the Lower Karoo System. The Witteberg Series has yielded fossil fragments of Lepidodendron-like plants and large numbers of the ichnogenus known as Spirophyton.</p><br>
<p>The upper part of the series is also rich in palaeoniscoid fauna. In 1969 Brian G. Gardiner FLS, Professor of Palaeontology at King&#39;s College, described 7 new genera and species from here – Australichthys longidorsalis, Aestuarichthys fulcratus, Willomorichthys striatulus, Sundayichthys elegantulus, Dwykia analensis, Adroichthys tuberculatus and Soetendalichthys cromptoni. Two new families were also added to the fauna, the Willomorichthyidae and the Dwykiidae.</p><br>
<p>The Witteberge range in the Eastern Free State on the north-west corner of Lesotho is an unrelated mountain. Witteberg (white mountain) is a common name in South Africa for any mountain lofty enough to show snowfall during winter.</p><br>
<p>The Jewish Museum of New Jersey, at Ahavas Sholom, is located at 145 Broadway in Newark, Essex County, New Jersey, United States.</p><br>
<p>Founded in 2003, the museum&#39;s inaugural opening was in 2007. The historic building in the Broadway neighborhood is the longest continually operating synagogue in the city. It was built in 1923 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. It is one of fifty synagogues that once stood in Newark, serving a Jewish population of 70,000, once the sixth largest Jewish community in the United States.</p><br>
<p>From the gallery space of the Museum, one has a view of the majestic Aron Kodesh, or Holy Ark. Constructed in the 1870s for Congregation Beth-El, later Rodeph Sholom, at their second location on Lexington Avenue and 63rd Street in New York City, the hand-carved wooden Aron Kodesh was installed at its present location in Newark in the 1920s and is the oldest in the state of New Jersey.</p><br>
<p>The Museum creates and curates rotating and traveling exhibitions, utilizing photographs, paintings, panel displays, artifacts, text, music and multi-media. The Museum is open for special exhibits and programs, as well as by appointment.</p><br>
<p>Charleston County Courthouse  is a Neoclassical building in Charleston, South Carolina, designed by Irish architect James Hoban. It was a likely model for Hoban&#39;s most famous building, the USA White House, and both buildings are modeled after Leinster House, the current seat of the Irish Parliament in Dublin.</p><br>
<p>President George Washington visited Charleston on his Southern Tour in May 1791, may have met with Hoban, and summoned the architect to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, (the temporary national capital) in June 1792. The following month, Hoban was named the winner of the design competition for the presidential mansion in Washington, D.C. He later altered his design under Washington&#39;s influence.</p><br>
<p>In 1883–1884, the courthouse underwent a large renovation performed by Kerrigan & Grant.</p><br>
<p>The Courthouse itself is still in use, located in the historic district near the park at Washington Square. It was built on the site of and incorporated the ruins of the South Carolina Statehouse (1753, burned 1788), the capitol building for the Colony of South Carolina under British Rule. Hoban also designed a new statehouse building nearby, which was burned down during the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>The Old Allen County Jail is a former jail in Iola, Kansas, United States. Built in the late 1860s, it operated as a detention facility for nearly a century before a replacement opened; today, it is the Old Jail Museum, operated by the Allen County Historical Society, and it has been designated a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The jail is a stone rubble masonry structure, two stories tall and constructed of large blocks of limestone. Its walls are approximately 2 ft thick. As originally designed, the jail contained living space for the jailer on the second story and prison space on the first story; the cells were built of steel bars and placed on the solid stone floor. The facade includes two second-story windows and a central door on the first story. Although it was called the finest jail in southeastern Kansas at the time of its completion, it was never secure; over the course of its history, many prisoners escaped by removing bars from windows or cutting holes in the roof.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>As a result of disputes between residents of different areas of the county, Allen County lacked a jail for its initial years. The situation was resolved in 1868 after voters approved a $10,000 bond for the erection of a jail in Iola. Under the direction of the local contractors White and Hays, the building was finished in October of the following year at a price of $8,400; it was the first public building to be erected by the county government. Due to its reputation as the region&#39;s best jail, two other southeastern Kansas counties contracted with Allen County to use the structure for their own prisoners during the 1870s.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>By the middle of the twentieth century, the original design of the jail had become insufficient for the county&#39;s needs. No more did the jailer live in the jail; the first floor cells were abandoned, and the prisoners were confined to the second floor. In the late 1950s, county officials came to the decision that a new jail was needed; a contract for the construction of such a structure was signed in early 1957, and the new jail opened in January 1959. During this process, many local citizens expressed a desire to see the old jail preserved; the 1957 Kansas Legislature passed a law to permit the county to convey to the Allen County Historical Society, which has since converted it into a museum.</p><br>
<p>In 1971, the jail was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its significant place in local history; key to its inclusion was its place as the first building erected by Allen County and its service as a rural jail for nearly ninety years. It was Allen Countys only National Register property for over twenty-five years, until Iolas Northrup House was added to the Register in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The current Allen County jail was built in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Davenport Bank and Trust, also known as Davenport Bank Apartments, is a mixed-use facility located in Downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 as American Commercial and Savings Bank. In 2016 the National Register approved a boundary increase with the Davenport Bank and Trust name. The building houses commercial, office and residential space, and is the tallest building in the Quad Cities.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Henry Lischer and H.H. Anderson formed German Savings Bank in 1869 and by 1916 it was the largest bank in Iowa. Because of anti-German sentiments that resulted from World War I the bank’s name was changed to American Commercial and Savings Bank.</p><br>
<p>In the 1920s, American Commercial and Savings Bank absorbed the Security Savings Bank. As a result of the Great Depression it absorbed Iowa National Bank, the Citizens Trust and Savings Bank, and the Farmers and Merchants Bank and was one of five banks in the city that was still active when President Franklin Roosevelt signed the Emergency Banking Act in 1933. The others included: Bechtel Trust Company, Northwest Davenport Savings Bank, Union Savings Bank and Trust, and Home Savings Bank. It was one of only two banks to re-open in Davenport. The bank changed its name at this time to Davenport Bank and Trust Company under the direction of E.P. Adler. By 1936, it rebuilt itself to become the second largest bank in Iowa.</p><br>
<p>V.O. Figge became associated with the bank in 1931 as a bank examiner and served as vice-president, president and CEO until it was sold to Norwest Bank in 1992. It became Wells Fargo Bank after the merger of the two banks in November 1998. In 2005 the building was purchased by Financial District Properties. A $7.5 million renovation project in 2013 converted the building&#39;s fifth, ninth, tenth and eleventh floors into 29 market rate apartments.</p><br>
<p>Wells Fargo Bank remained alongside other commercial and residential tenants until the weekend of April 23–24, 2016 when it moved its operations to the redeveloped Putnam-Parker Block. The building was renamed Davenport Bank Apartments.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Weary and Alford. It was built by Walsh-Kahl Construction Company from 1926-1927. The new building reflected the significance of the bank in the community. The main building is twelve stories with a steel frame faced with limestone. A modern parking structure and additional space for the bank was built adjacent to the west side of the building in 1972.</p><br>
<p>The building has retained its original banking room, a multi-story space with an elaborately painted ceiling. The space is lit by the large Roman arched windows on the east elevation. The ceiling is a canopy of groin vaults and is painted in a multi-colored design. A painting by Davenport artist Hiram Thompsen depicting the signing of the treaty between the Sauk and Meskwaki tribes and the US government after the Black Hawk War has hung prominently on the south wall since 1928. The original wrought iron teller “cages” remain and the rest of the interior features dark wood and marble elements.</p><br>
<h2>Artwork</h2><br>
<p>The ceiling decoration of the main banking room was designed by Chicago artist Alexander Rinoskopf and was executed by the Davenport decorating firm of Hartman and Sedding. Ten men created the stencils on 85 yd of paper and two artists rendered the work in oils. The Italian Renaissance style of work features spirals, rosettes, festoons, griffins, swans and masks. In addition there are also ten murals that are 6 ft high, which provide a chronological history of Davenport from its earliest times to the American Civil War. The murals depict the arrival of the first Europeans to this part of the Mississippi River Valley (1654); the Sauk warrior Black Hawk (1812); the battle on Davenports Credit Island in the War of 1812 (1814); the last bison chased from what is now the Quad Cities (1816); the construction of Fort Armstrong on what is now Arsenal Island (1817); the first steamboat up the Mississippi River (1823); the establishment of Davenport and immigration to the new town (1836); Davenports first school (1838); the first railroad bridge across the Mississippi River (1856); and the Civil War training camps in that operated in Davenport (1861).</p><br>
<p>The largest mural occupies the south wall of the building and depicts the signing of the Black Hawk Treaty in September 1832. The treay was signed at what is now Fifth and Farnam Streets in Davenport. Hiram Thompsen, who created the painting, was a native of Cincinnati and studied at the Chicago Art Institute and the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts. He was a commercial artist who went on to do advertising art work for Davenport-based Gordon-Van Tine and Montgomery Ward. The painting measures 15 by. It features the likenesses of General Winfield Scott, his interpreter and Davenport founder Antoine LeClaire, and the Native American chiefs Keokuk and Pashapaho.</p><br>
<p>The Izhevsk Pond  is an artificial body of water, or reservoir, created in 1760 at the bidding of Peter Ivanovich Shuvalov for the needs of an iron works in Izhevsk, Russia. It is placed at the confluence of the Izh River and its tributary, the Yagul.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir was filled with water necessary for the factory&#39;s operation by June 1763. The dam was reconstructed by Alexander Deryabin in the early 19th century and underwent further modernization in 1984.</p><br>
<p>A number of industrial enterprises skirt the reservoir, and its embankment is the most important esplanade in the capital of Udmurtia.</p><br>
<p>It possible to travel by motorship from Izhevsk pier at the eastern end of the pond to Volozhka pier at the western end. Motorships include the Москва-181 (Moscow-181). Volozhka (Воложка) is popular during the summer with swimmers (despite being polluted by nearby industries) and with people owning dachas (country houses).</p><br>
<p>The Edward W. Bok Technical High School was a public high school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, designed by Irwin Catharine and named after Edward William Bok. It was completed in February 1938 by the Public Works Administration  as a vocational high school at 8th & Mifflin Streets. As part of the Philadelphia Public Schools&#39; Multiple Property Submission, the school was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in December, 1986. Bok High School was reorganized in 2006-2007 to prepare students for jobs in modern technology. After the 2012-2013 school year, the school was closed.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was constructed from 1935-1938 based on the designs of Philadelphia School Board architect Irwin Catharine. The main body of the school is built of limestone-trimmed yellow brick, with a limestone low-rise section abutting the higher brick section. Piers and pillasters emphasize verticality in the Art Deco design. Carved cartouches show people at work. Classrooms adjoin one of two central light courts. At the time of its construction, the building represented a new trend in vocational education. Rather than just teach carpentry skills, the school taught, and had dedicated space for, subjects such as brick laying, plastering, plumbing, machine building, tailoring, and hairdressing.</p><br>
<p>The school was named for Edward Bok (1863–1930), a Dutch born American editor and Pulitzer Prize-winning author, who edited the Ladies Home Journal for thirty years.</p><br>
<p>Following the school&#39;s 2013 closing, some of the classes moved into the South Philadelphia High School (SPHS or Southern) building, 5 blocks away, prior to the start of the 2013-14 school year. Bok was scheduled to merge with South Philadelphia High. The building itself remained open for maintenance & operational reasons for at least 1 additional heating season as the boilers supply heat to Southwark School across the street.</p><br>
<p>In Summer 2014, Bok was put up for auction by the School District and the Philadelphia Industrial Development Corporation (PIDC). Scout was selected as the developer in September 2014 and has proposed converting the building into a new destination for makers, creatives, innovators and entrepreneurs.</p><br>
<h2>Academic Programs</h2><br>
<p>Programs were designed to develop students into well-rounded individuals. In addition to regular academic and vocational course offerings, there were specialized programs in Business Technology</p><br>
<p>Computer Assisted Design (CAD), Construction Trades, Culinary Arts, Computer/Networking, Health Related Sciences, and Process Technology.</p><br>
<p>Bok offered mens and womens interscholastic sports including: football, baseball, basketball, soccer, softball, track and field, volleyball, badminton, cheerleading, drill, team, and weight training. After School Clubs provided special enrichment activities for students. Bok was the only community high school in the city housing programs such as Sunrise of Philadelphia, Inc. and Variety the Children&#39;s Charity.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>As of 2010, Bok had achieved Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) for 5 years straight.</p><br>
<p>The Atascosa County Courthouse is a historic courthouse built in 1912 on Circle Dr in Jourdanton, Texas. The Mission Revival Style architecture building was designed by San Antonio architect Henry T. Phelps. The building contract was awarded to the Gordon Jones Construction Co. of San Antonio, based on a bid of $65,000. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 30, 1997.</p><br>
<p>Atascosa County was formed in 1856. The first Atascosa County Courthouse was a log building erected in Amphion in 1856. The second a frame building raised in Pleasanton in 1857. The county built a larger frame courthouse in 1868. The fourth courthouse, built in 1885 was made from red stone and served as the Pleasanton City Hall when the county seat was moved to Jourdanton.</p><br>
<p>The current Atascosa County Courthouse is the fifth structure to serve as the seat of Atascosa County government. The Mission Revival style courthouse has towers, balconies and a Spanish-tiled roof. It is finished in red-brown brick and cast stone. Originally, the lower floor was open for the storage of wood. It was enclosed in the late 1920s to create more office space. The courthouse sits on a circular plot of land in contrast to the typical Texas courthouse square. The Atascosa County Courthouse is the only existing Mission Revival style courthouse in Texas.</p><br>
<p>The Samuel Osgood House , also known as the Walter Franklin House, was an eighteenth-century mansion at the northeast corner of Pearl and Cherry Streets in Manhattan. It served as the first Presidential Mansion, housing George Washington, his family, and household staff, from April 23, 1789, to February 23, 1790, during New York City&#39;s two-year term as the national capital.</p><br>
<p>The owner, Samuel Osgood, was a Massachusetts politician and lawyer, who settled in New York City. He married Maria Bowne Franklin, widow of Walter Franklin, the merchant who had built the house in 1770. Congress rented it for Washingtons use, and the President-Elect moved in a week before his April 30, 1789, inauguration as first President of the United States. In addition to living quarters, the Osgood House contained the Presidents private office (the equivalent of the Oval Office) and the public business office (the equivalent of the West Wing), making it the first seat of the executive branch of the federal government.</p><br>
<p>The Samuel Osgood Papers, at the New York Historical Society, list purchases made to prepare the mansion for Washington occupancy.</p><br>
<p>"I went the morning before the General&#39;s arrival to look at it. The best of furniture in every room, and the greatest quantity of plate and china I ever saw; the whole of the first and second stories is papered and the floors covered with the richest kinds of Turkey and Wilton carpets. There is scarcely anything talked about now but General Washington and the Palace."</p><br>
<p>Steward Samuel Fraunces, former owner of nearby Fraunces Tavern, managed a household staff of about 20: wage workers, indentured servants, and enslaved servants. Slavery was legal in New York, and Washington brought seven enslaved Africans from Mount Vernon to work in his presidential household: William Lee, Christopher Sheels, Giles, Paris, Austin, Moll, and Oney Judge.</p><br>
<p>Two of Martha Washington&#39;s grandchildren were part of the First Family: Nelly Custis (b. 1779) and "Wash" Custis (b. 1781).</p><br>
<p>Soon after his inauguration, Washington became seriously ill with a tumor on his thigh (possibly caused by anthrax poisoning). Cherry Street was cordoned off to prevent his being disturbed.</p><br>
<p>The house was rented for one year at an annual rent of $845, but the president vacated it after ten months when a larger residence became available. Washington moved to the Alexander Macomb House at 39–41 Broadway, which he occupied from February 23 to August 30, 1790.</p><br>
<p>Under the July 1790 Residence Act, the national capital moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for a 10-year period, while the permanent national capital was under construction in the District of Columbia.</p><br>
<p>The Osgood House was demolished in 1856. A bronze plaque where Pearl Street crosses under the Brooklyn Bridge approach marks its location.</p><br>
<p>Old Kingsport Presbyterian Church  is an historic church located in Kingsport, Tennessee. The church was organized May 20, 1820 as the Boatyard Congregation. It is the oldest one of any denomination in the city of Kingsport. It is a member of the Presbyterian Church .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The congregation was organized in 1820. It originally met in a log structure located in the present-day Old Kingsport Presbyterian Church cemetery. The cemetery remains in use and contains several graves from the nineteenth century in its oldest section.</p><br>
<p>The first pastor was the Rev. Robert Glenn (1820-1826).</p><br>
<p>The Rev. Dr. Frederick A. Ross, owner of Rotherwood Mansion in Kingsport, was minister from 1826 to 1852. He did not receive compensation for his service. Under Ross&#39; leadership, the church grew rapidly, quickly outgrowing its log building. Dr. Ross financed the construction of the current church building in 1845, with the labor of his own slaves; the building was dedicated on July 18, 1846. Ross also donated the church the large brass bell that still calls people to worship; the bell was made in West Troy, New York, by the famous Meneely Bell Foundry. The building is consider a fine example of Greek Revival architecture and is one of the oldest extant structures in Kingsport.</p><br>
<p>The American Civil War led to a period of decline in both Kingsport and the church. Membership slowly declined in the decades following the war, with a long series of pastors each serving for brief periods during this time (1865-1910).</p><br>
<p>Railroad tracks were laid just north of the church property in 1910, requiring the building to be moved a few yards south and rotated to face east; it had originally faced north.</p><br>
<p>When the City of Kingsport was created in 1917, most of the remaining members left the now-Old Kingsport Church in order to form the First Presbyterian Church in downtown Kingsport. Only five members remained on the roll, and the church served as a community center for the next two decades. The Sunday School remained active through the 1920s and 1930s, however.</p><br>
<p>The church was re-organized in June 1937 and began to slowly rebuild its membership. The first pastor of the re-organized church was Rev. Albert H. Mutschler. He oversaw the building&#39;s renovation, as well as the construction of three levels of Sunday School rooms attached to the back of the old sanctuary, as well as a basement. A fellowship hall was dug out under the sanctuary in 1950.</p><br>
<p>The church building was moved to its current location off of Stone Drive (USA Route 11W) in the summer of 1953 to land donated by Mrs. Octavia Patton.</p><br>
<p>The 1950s and 1960s were a time of quick growth; during this time, the church had a number of programs and a large number of youth and younger people. The church reached a peak of membership (190) in the early 1970s. Since that time, it has seen a declining membership total, as well as an aging congregation, both of which are trends experienced by mainstream denominations in general over the same time period.</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Rev. David Hambrick served as interim pastor from 2003 to 2015. The current pastor is Mr. Jeff Morelock, who began his service on August 1, 2016. In recent years, the historic building has received a number of repairs and updates, plus quite a bit of beautification, inside and out. After nearly two centuries, the Old Kingsport congregation, though small, remains active in the Kingsport area.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>Rozendaal, John H. Old Kingsport Presbyterian Church. Kingsport, the church, 1982. 37 pp.</p><br>
<p>Old Newburgh Presbyterian Church  is a historic church at N. State and W. Main Streets in Newburgh, Indiana.</p><br>
<p>Following the 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes, a desire sprung up in the town for new houses of worship. In 1841, a new church was built at 10 W Jennings Street with the generosity of a Mr. Phelps, a prominent businessman whose wife Frances was a member of the first Presbyterian in Newburgh. This house of worship became Cumberland Presbyterian Church, and was later the location of the Delaney School.</p><br>
<p>Construction of a new building, which would later be known as the Old Newburgh Presbyterian Church, began in 1851 at a cost of $4,000. The land donated by Mr. Phelpsand was dedicated June 25, 1853.</p><br>
<p>During the Civil War the church bell tower was used to signal to call the Home Guard when danger threatened. The rope ran from the belfry to a house next door.</p><br>
<p>In 1880 the Newburgh High School held graduation services there for four graduates. In 1906 the congregation voted to withdraw from the Cumberland denomination. The new name was given as Newburgh Presbyterian Church.</p><br>
<p>The building was remodeled in 1927 and again in 1938, when the cornerstone was removed. In the 1937 flood, the building was headquarters for the National Guard. In 1965 the building was sold for $14,000 to the town of Newburgh and referred to as TOWN HALL. Several remodeling projects were completed from 1968–1973. It was placed in the National Register of Historic Places 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Pelham Institute is a former working men&#39;s club and multipurpose social venue in the Kemptown area of Brighton, part of the English coastal city of Brighton and Hove. Built in 1877 by prolific local architect Thomas Lainson on behalf of the Vicar of Brighton, the multicoloured brick and tile High Victorian Gothic building catered for the social, educational and spiritual needs of the large working-class population in the east of Brighton. After its closure it hosted a judo club, but is now in residential use as flats  owned by a housing association. English Heritage has listed the building at Grade II for its architectural and historical importance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Thomas Read Kemp&#39;s Kemp Town estate, "arguably the most famous district in Brighton", was developed as a carefully planned estate of about 100 grand houses for the rich people who were increasingly attracted to the fashionable resort. Kemp Town was isolated from the rest of the town, about 2 mi away, and an old trackway running west–east along the inland side of the East Cliff developed into an important route—Eastern Road.</p><br>
<p>In the mid-19th century, the area around Eastern Road developed rapidly as a poor, mixed-use area, with institutional buildings, streets of small terraced houses, light industry and a few larger houses. A Nonconformist chapel had also been built in 1829, The area became known as Kemptown.</p><br>
<p>John Hannah became Vicar of Brighton in 1870, following the death of Reverend Henry Michell Wagner which ended his 46-year incumbency. Hannah was concerned about the social and physical welfare of Kemptowns large working-class population, whose poverty restricted their opportunities for education and recreation. He also felt that the many pubs in the area encouraged people to spend their money on alcohol. He was made archdeacon of Lewes in 1876 and in the same year founded a "slum mission"—similar to a church-sponsored working mens club—on the site of the closed chapel of 1829, near the junction of Upper Bedford Street and Eastern Road. Bristol Road Methodist Church and several housing developments, to design a building with space for all the required facilities. He carried out the work in 1877, and from 1879 the building bore the name Pelham Institute.</p><br>
<p>The institute attempted to cater for all needs with its extensive amenities. A large hall for religious services, concerts, lectures and other educational activities took up most of the first floor. A reading-room, eating area, kitchen, bar (which did not serve alcohol), a games room and a smoking room. The second (top) floor had single bedrooms on short-term lets: men were charged 1/– (£ in ) per night or 3/6d (£ in ) for a week. In January 1945, the building was issued with a worship licence under the terms of the Places of Worship Registration Act 1855.</p><br>
<p>Local slum clearance began in 1926 when the houses around the Pelham Institute were cleared and replaced with lower-density development. Demolition continued through the 1930s and resumed in the 1950s after World War II. By 1959, the working-class population in the Eastern Road area was much lower, and the Pelham Institute closed. The club had to move to another building nearby in July 1994.</p><br>
<p>The Pelham Institute was listed at Grade II by English Heritage on 23 June 1994. In February 2001, it was one of 1,124 Grade II-listed buildings and structures, and 1,218 listed buildings of all grades, in the city of Brighton and Hove.</p><br>
<p>The building is not within any of Brighton and Hove&#39;s conservation areas,</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Thomas Lainson designed and built the Pelham Institute in the High Victorian Gothic style, which was used frequently for slum missions such as this. It is a three-storey building of purple brick laid in the English bond pattern and dressed with terracotta and red bricks. There are also small areas of tile-hanging, and the roof is tiled and has dormer windows. Three faces are visible: one south to St George&#39;s Terrace with irregularly placed windows, the main (western) façade on Upper Bedford Street (with a regular four-window range), and a three-window range facing north on to Montague Street. Most windows are flat-headed.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance is to Upper Bedford Street. A doorway, with a 19th-century two-part wooden door with iron hinges, is recessed into an aedicula with a corbelled pointed arch and a gable above. At second-floor level, a chimney-breast projects slightly and steps up to the gable of the roof, which is topped with a short chimneypot. A window is set into the base of this projection. On the floor below, the four windows are arranged as two narrow pairs below a semicircular tympanum of red brick. The northwestern corner forms a gable-topped bay, again with a stepped chimney-stack. A thin string course runs around the building above the windows, forming a continuous hood mould.</p><br>
<p>The Montague Street (northern) elevation has single or paired windows under segmental arches; a large stone plaque sits in a recess above the centre windows. At ground-floor level there is another pale stone plaque, a broad segment-arched window, an original wooden entrance door and another wooden door leading to a storage bay.</p><br>
<p>The south façade, on St George&#39;s Terrace, has a segment-arched window in a red-brick surround at the southwest corner and a much wider and taller flat-arched window alongside. The string course diverts to go round a taller flat-arched window in the southwest corner at first-floor level. Diagonally above this are three narrow windows below a pointed arch with a red-brick tympanum. A projecting chimney-breast starts immediately to the left and rises beyond the eaves, terminating in a squat chimney-pot. Three small windows and a tall, narrow one light the second floor. The façade is very irregular and lacks symmetry.</p><br>
<p>Nile Street in Bath, Somerset, England is a short street of Georgian houses linking Norfolk Crescent and Nelson Place West with the Upper Bristol Road.</p><br>
<p>On the east side there are five houses, including the corner blocks to Great Stanhope Street (south) and Monmouth Place (north). On the west side two houses were destroyed by bombing in the Second World War and in 2010 there was only one house (No. 1 Nelson Place) on this side of the street, but more were under construction.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Conception c. 1792</h3><br>
<p>Nile Street is part of an urban development centred on Norfolk Crescent that was undertaken by a solicitor called Richard Bowsher in 1792. A short street was conceived to link the new buildings to the Upper Bristol Road, the main carriage route between Bath and Bristol. The streets of the development were named after Admiral Nelson (Nelson Place), Nelsons home county (Norfolk Crescent) and the Battle of the Nile (Nile Street). The streets were given their names in c. 1800, some years before the Battle of Trafalgar (1805), so the Battle of the Nile was Nelsons most famous victory at that time. The street was marked as Howard Street and Norfolk Street on various earlier maps of Bath.</p><br>
<h3>Construction 1807c. 1814</h3><br>
<h4>West side</h4><br>
<p>The west side of Nile Street was made up of No. 1 Nelson Place on the south end and No. 1 St Georges Place on the north end, with No. 4 Nile Street between these two houses. There was a gap next to No. 1 Nelson Place due to the garden at the rear of this house. No. 4 Nile Street and No. 1 St Georges Place were not on Richard Bowsher&#39;s land and they were built in the early 19th century.</p><br>
<h4>East side</h4><br>
<p>Building leases for the houses on the east side of Nile Street were taken out in 1807–08 and these houses were finished c. 1812–14. The architect responsible for the design of the other houses on Bowsher&#39;s land was John Palmer (and later John Pinch the elder so the east side of Nile Street may have been the result of an informal agreement.</p><br>
<p>The lease for No. 2 states that the house is to be built with the ".front thence of against Nile Street in every respect agreeably to the Elevation, Plan and design of the said Richard Bowsher and which elevation is more particularly described in the plan drawn in the margin." This house, which is at the centre of the street, has a taller facade with the attic storey brought forward, matching the style of Norfolk Crescent, but more plain. Interestingly, the house itself does not precisely match the design in the lease. The door, instead of being central with a window either side of it, is on the left hand side of the house. It was not uncommon for builders to ignore or alter the plans they were given, which is probably what happened in this case.</p><br>
<h3>Bombing and Post-War Development</h3><br>
<p>In 1942 during the blitz several incendiary bombs fell in the area of Nile Street. No. 4 Nile Street and No. 1 St Georges Place were gutted, as were the houses on the north side of Great Stanhope Street, including No. 15, on the corner with Nile Street. The Great Stanhope Street houses were rebuilt as a block of flats (called Clarkson House) with a facade replicating the original houses in the 1980s. On the west side of Nile Street, the gutted houses were cleared and replaced by a filling station in the 1960s, which was later occupied by a convenience store. In 2010–11 the site was redeveloped as a house on the site of No. 4 Nile Street and a shop on the corner with St Georges Place. These new buildings were designed to have a very similar appearance to the pre-war houses.</p><br>
<p>Amsterdam City Hall is a historic city hall complex located at Amsterdam, Montgomery County, New York. The complex includes the former Sanford Mansion, laundry building, and carriage house. The former Sanford Mansion is a 3-story, brick Classical Revival building built in 1869 and extensively remodeled in 1913–1917. The original house was expanded considerably with a three-by-ten-bay addition, completed in the early 20th century. It features a massive portico with six fluted columns topped by Corinthian order capitals. The mansion was deeded to the city for use as a city hall upon the death of John Sanford in 1932. The former laundry house is a simple -story brick building with a slate-covered gable roof. The former carriage house was built about 1869. Some landscape features dating to the 1917 remodeling remain on the property.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>US Post Office-Canajoharie is a historic post office building located at Canajoharie in Montgomery County, New York, United States. It was built in 1937, and is one of a number of post offices in New York State designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department under Louis A. Simon. It is a one story, symmetrical brick building on a stone watertable in the Colonial Revival style. It features a gable roof with a square, flat topped cupola with Doric order pilasters and round-arched vent openings. The interior features a 1942 mural by Anatol Shulkin  titled Invention of the Paper Bag in Canajoharie.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. It is located in the Canajoharie Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Legg House is a historic former farmhouse in Bloomington, Indiana, United States. Built in the middle of the nineteenth century, it has experienced a range of uses, culminating in its present status as an Indiana University office building. After a period of deterioration, it was restored to its original condition, and it has been designated a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>A farm occupied the present site of the Legg House at least as far back as 1820. At that time, it lay on the edge of the city; the nearby Third Street was the only road that connected Bloomington to the outside world. Landowner George M. Legg built the original portion of the house in 1848, using a variant of the Greek Revival style of architecture. At the time of construction, it was a small house: just one story tall, it was divided into only two rooms. In later years, the house was modified significantly: a porch and frame wing were added during the 1870s, and elements throughout the house were covered during the twentieth century with elements such as drywall.</p><br>
<h2>Usage</h2><br>
<p>By the early 1870s, the house had passed out of Leggs possession, being occupied by the parents and grandparents of William Lowe Bryan. At this time, it still lay at the citys edge, but the location became more central after 1883: in that year, a fire destroyed the buildings of Indiana University at Seminary Square, and the trustees chose to move the campus to property immediately northeast of the Legg House. Within a few years of the university&#39;s move, the house was converted into a boarding house, a status that it held when visited by Bryan, by that point the president of the university, in 1890. This use continued into the late twentieth century; even after the university purchased the house in 1964, it was employed as student housing. Insufficient funding ensured that the house was not properly maintained; it was boarded up in 1993, and the university initially considered demolishing the structure before preservationists and city officials began to negotiate for its preservation.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>In April 2001, the Legg House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, both because of its place in local history and because of its historically-significant architecture. Later that year, as a result of this designation, the city and university were awarded a grant of $27,000 from the historic preservation division of the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, and renovation began in 2002. During its nine years of vacancy, the house deteriorated greatly; although the original woodwork of the interior was in satisfactory condition, the exterior had suffered such damage as broken windows, a collapsing porch, and rotting window sills. Among the elements restored by Greenfield company Advance Restoration were the foundation, the brick chimney, and the many wooden walls; workers removed both old paint applied by previous owners and significant amounts of graffiti applied by recent vandals. Today, the Legg House is actively used by Indiana University, serving as the location of the university&#39;s housing office.</p><br>
<p>75 Holland Road in Hove, part of the English coastal city of Brighton and Hove, is now in residential use as loft-style apartments called Palmeira Yard, but was originally a repository belonging to the Brighton & Hove Co-operative Supply Association, the main cooperative business organisation in the area. Elaborately designed in 1893 in the French Second Empire style by local architect Thomas Lainson of the firm Lainson & Sons, the storage building had built-in stables and was lavishly decorated with terracotta. After a period of ownership by haulage and removals company Pickfords, who used the building for furniture storage, a local architecture firm carried out the conversion into mixed-use live-work units between 2004 and 2006. English Heritage has listed the building at Grade II for its architectural and historical importance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The seaside resort of Brighton, on the English Channel coast, developed rapidly from the mid-18th century, and by the late 19th century it was a large town was significant regional importance as a commercial centre. Neighbouring Hove developed later in response to Brighton&#39;s growth, principally as a residential area with streets of spacious, high-quality houses.</p><br>
<p>Brighton was a pioneer in the cooperative movement: it adopted Robert Owens ideas very early, and Englands first co-operative store opened on West Street in 1828. A journal, The Co-operator, was started soon afterwards by local doctor William King; it helped inspire the Rochdale Pioneers and other early cooperatives in England. Other associations were formed elsewhere in Brighton and Hove in 1846, 1860 and 1887.</p><br>
<p>Their first building for the Association was Palmeira House, an office building designed in 1887. It stood at the top of the late Regency/Italianate Palmeira Square residential development, and the Lainsons design complemented this. Assisted by his sons, Thomas Lainson designed and built the repository in 1893. Its elaborate design, in red brick with extensive use of terracotta and wrought iron and with a steep roof, contrasted with the formal stucco of Palmeira House and the surrounding area. A plaque installed over the entrance recorded the date and architects names.</p><br>
<p>The removal and distribution company Pickfords took over the building in 1950. For several decades thereafter, they used it as a furniture repository; the interior was divided into storage units, and the commemorative plaque was moved inside to the courtyard where the former stables stood.</p><br>
<p>The former repository was listed at Grade II by English Heritage on 31 May 1974. Another Grade II-listed building—John Wills&#39; Purbeck stone Gothic Revival Holland Road Baptist Church of 1887—stands at 71 Holland Road to the south, and the Jugendstil-inspired Hove Hebrew Congregation Synagogue is just north of the former repository at number 79, on the corner of Lansdowne Road.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The repository has been described as a "fine work" by the prolific Thomas Lainson. It was designed distinctively in the French Second Empire style with some Queen Anne elements. Lainson made lavish use of terracotta to decorate the building, which is mostly of red brick with slate mansard roofs. The design is U-shaped and encloses a gated courtyard. Apart from the centre bay on the Holland Road (western) elevation, which rises to four storeys with an attic storey above, the building is three-storey with attics. The Holland Road façade has nine bays in a 1:3:1:3:1 formation, the three-bay sections being slightly recessed. The outermost bays are topped by elaborate gables which hide the attic space; the centre bay also has an ornately treated gable at roof level, containing round porthole-style timber-framed windows. Some of the other windows have prominent transoms and mullions of terracotta; they vary between round-headed and flat-arched. The doorway is also arched, this time in the segmental style. The roofs are steep and are topped with parapets of wrought iron.</p><br>
